Pondoland C.R.E.W. Blog: April 2016

Saturday, 30 April 2016

Caputia conundrums on the Umzimkulwana cliffs

One of our CREW target species is the Critically Rare succulent Caputia oribiensis which was described from collections made near the Oribi Gorge Hotel. We looked for this cremnophylous species along a different section of these cliffs last year but we failed to find it, probably because we visited well after the reported flowering period. This year we decided to try much earlier, and on last Thursday, started looking along the cliff edges near the hotel.

The closely related cremnophyte, Caputia medley-woodii was common and obvious on the cliff edges with its bright yellow flowers. The important characters that distinguish this species from C. oribiensis are the teeth on the upper portion of the leaves, the felted upper and lower surfaces of the leaves, and the flower buds which are held upright.

Caputia medley-woodii

While we saw several other interesting plants along these edges there was no sign of Caputia oribiensis. There was a Gymnosporia nemorosa covered in flowers, and clambering through a nearby shrub, Sarcostemma viminale, also in flower. Not far away we found a plant which looks very similar to Sarcostemma viminale when not in flower, Cynanchum gerrardii.

Gymnosporia nemorosa

Sarcostemma viminale

Cynanchum gerrardii

The views down into the Umzimkulwana gorge from here are certainly spectacular, and further on there is an overhanging rock.

A horseshoe bend in the Umzimkulwana river

The overhanging rock with the "Mind the Edge" sign

We did not manage to find anything resembling Caputia oribiensis along this section of the cliffs and, as the vegetation behind the cliffs is badly degraded by alien invasive species it is a bit depressing, so we decided to try another section of the cliffs. Here we immediately found a Gymnosporia glaucophylla covered in white flowers.

Gymnosporia glaucophylla

A little further growing just below the cliff edges we found the Near Threatened endemic Rhynchocalyx lawsonioides in fruit and the fairly unusual Seemannaralia gerrardii with clusters of yellow-green flowers.

Rhynchocalyx lawsonioides

Seemannaralia gerrardii

There were many succulents on and under the rocks along the cliffs. Crassulaceae were well represented, amonst others Crassula obovata, Crassula orbiculata, Crassula perforata var brachypetala, and Crassula perforata var perforata, Cotyledon orbiculata and Cotyledon velutina and Kalanchoe rotundifolia.

Cotyledon velutina

Crassula orbicularis

We finally came across a plant which might be Caputia oribiensis but this awaits specialist confirmation. Apart from this find, the walk concluded on a high note and the last section of cliffs visited are in a much better condition with few if any alien invasives.

Update: 5 May 2016
The plant suspected to be our target species, Caputia oribiensis, unfortunately turned out to be an atypical Kleinia fulgens - so the search goes on!

Participants: Anne S, Dorothy M, Graham G, Kate G, Uschi T.

Friday, 22 April 2016

To the Western Heights for Ericas and Oleas

We had been asked to look out for flowering Erica cerinthoides var barbetona plants and also wanted to try to find ripe fruits on Olea capensis subsp. enervis, so we elected to go to the Western Heights area of the Umtamvuna NR where we knew both species could be found.

On the way we saw Erica aspalathifolia still flowering. While driving across the Western Heights towards Vulture Nek, we spotted some orchids and stopped to see what they were. These turned out to be Habenaria falcicornis - we saw a few more of these scattered through the grassland in the course of the day. Just before arriving at Iron Crown we found a few bright orange Erica cerinthoides in flower - it seems these are just starting to flower so there should be more in the weeks to come.

Habenaria falcicornis

Erica cerinthoides var barbetona

We took time to wander around the Iron Crown area - the views into the Umtamvuna gorge from the east are spectacular as the cliffs drop vertically almost to river level.

The cliffs east of Iron Crown - this close to the edge a steadying hand is needed

Looking down into the gorge with the Umtamvuna river below

Close to these cliffs we found a very early flowering Eulophia parviflora and a Searsia pondoensis also in flower.

Eulophia parviflora

Searsia pondoensis

On the cliff edge we found an Olea capensis subsp. enervis in flower, although the tree also had fruits. Other trees flowering nearby were Eugenia verdoorniae, Anastrabe integerrima and Maytenus acuminata.

Olea capensis subsp. enervis

We then left Iron Crown and headed towards the old Vulture Restaurant site - on the way we found Moraea spathulata, Rafnia elliptica and Pimpinella caffra in flower.

Moraea spathulata

Pimpinella caffra

Rafnia elliptica

On rocks under the forest canopy near the old Vulture Restaurant there were Stenoglottis fimbriata with fruits and some Peperomia retusa in flower. Under shrubs at the edge of the cliffs there were groups of Kalanchoe rotundifolia in flower.

Peperomia retusa

Kalanchoe rotundifolia

In the grassland we found a few unobtrusive Aloe myriacantha and a solitary Monsonia praemorsa with its delicate scrollwork on the outside of the petals and very hairy calyces.

Aloe myriacantha

Monsonia praemorsa

Participants: Anne S, Dorothy M, Graham G, Kate G, Maggie A, Uschi T.

A day for Nerines at Ngele

Having been alerted by DAFF official Mr. Roberston Madwe to the fact that the Nerines growing next to the N2 Highway had started flowering, we arranged a trip to assess the four populations we know in the Ngele area. One small population of N. appendiculata is close to the N2 - so close that the plants are often damaged by roadside brush-cutting activities. These plants were particularly robust as can be seen below.

Nerine appendiculata

We found a very early Cyrtanthus breviflorus flowering near these Nerines.

Cyrtanthus breviflorus

We then drove past a population of the much more threatened Nerine bowdenii subsp. bowdenii - this population is growing on the bank at the side of the N2 and it is too dangerous to stop here. A little further on we came to a much larger population of this species, although, as the plants grow in amongst rather tall woody shrubs, the size of the population is not amenable to counting.

Nerine bowdenii subsp. bowdenii

This is certainly the largest known population of this species. Last year a search in previously known localities for the species in the Eastern Cape did not yield any plants, so Ngele may have the only populations of Nerine bowdenii subsp. bowdenii.

Our last stop (delayed by an inopportune puncture on the way up) was on the plateau near Belfast Lookout where the small N. appendicluata population was also flowering well.

Participants: Anne S, Graham G, Kate G, Isabel J, Ruth C, Timo vd N, and Uschi T.

Saturday, 9 April 2016

Back to Umbumbazi after a long absence

Umbumbazi is a small Nature Reserve run by Ezemvelo KZN Wildlife and is situated about 7 kilometres due south of the Oribi Gorge Nature Reserve reception. As there have been disputes over land use issues with the local community we have stayed away, but yesterday we were asked to assist Dave and Yvette with the retrieval of several camera traps which Yvette has been using for a PhD research project. All the cameras had been deployed in forest patches to detect small mamals - this trip would give us the opportunity see what was flowering in the grasslands and forest patches while the cameras were being collected.

It seems that maintenance has been rather neglected as the access roads were almost hidden under shoulder-high grass. Unfortunately, we soon found out that the tick population was flourishing.

In the first forest patch we found Allophyllus dregeanus in flower and the fruits of a Dioscorea cotinifolia at the forest edge and deeper in the shade, some Isoglossa cooperii.

Allophyllus dregeanus

Dioscorea cotinifolia fruits

Isoglossa cooperii

On a grassy slope we came across Helichrysum decorum and a tangle of Macrotyloma axillare with its pink-tinged greeny-yellow flowers. In a nearby bush clump Kiggelaria africana had a few very late flowers as well as hosting caterpillars of the garden Acraea (Acraea horta) in various sizes, nicely timed to escape predation by intra-African migrant cuckoos.

Helichrysum decorum

Macrotyloma axilare

Kiggelaria africana (with Acraea horta caterpillar partially obscured)

The Trema orientalis displayed its ripening fruits to entice birds.

Trema orientalis

In a lower-lying grassland/wetland we found Syncolostemon densiflorus, Pycnostachys reticulata, Watsonia pillansii, Pachycarpus concolor and Schizoglossum atropurpureum subsp. virens in flower.

Syncolostemon densiflorus

Pycnostachys reticulata

Watsonia pillansii

Pachycarpus concolor

Participants: Anne S, Dave E-S, Graham G, Kate G, Uschi T, Yvette E-S

Tuesday, 5 April 2016

Southern KZN CREW target species of the month - April

Submitted by K Naiker

Nerine pancratioides AMARYLLIDACEAE [Near Threatened]

Nerine pancratioides, referred to as the white nerine, is a plant that grows to 600 mm tall. It was previously observed in parts of the Midlands, south-western KZN as well as in north-eastern Lesotho. However habitat loss and destruction has caused a significant decline in the species population size in several of its localities, in some instances even resulting in extinctions. Deterioration of wetlands in the form of overgrazing, alien plant invasions and damming are major concerns for the population’s survival. The plant grows in moist areas with acidic soils, on banks of streams, in grassy depressions and in seepage areas on steep hillsides. The leaves grow to 300 mm long, are narrow, round at base and almost flattened towards the top. The stalk is robust growing to 600 mm long. The sheathing bracts are narrowly egg-shaped with sharp tips. The pedicels, 300−450 mm long, are densely covered with hairs. The inflorescence is an umbel, 10−20. Tepals are ± 25 mm and white. The flowers appear between March and April and are known to respond well after fires have occurred.

Nerine pancratoides

Nerine pancratoides fruits

Nerine pancratiodes

Photos supplied by CREW.

References

Baker, J.G. 1896. Amaryllideae. In: W.T. Thiselton-Dyer (ed). Flora Capensis VI (Haemodoraceae to Liliaceae):171-246. L. Reeve & Co., London.

Craib, C. 2004. Nerine pancratioides. Degradation of grassland habitats by exotic plantations are threatening the beautiful white Nerine with extinction. Veld & Flora 90:105-107

Mtshali, H. & von Staden, L. 2015. Nerine pancratioides Baker. National Assessment: Red List of South African Plants version 2015.1. Accessed on 2016/03/16

Pooley, E. 1998. A field guide to wild flowers of KwaZulu-Natal and the Eastern region. Natal Flora Publications Trust, Durban.

If you have seen this plant, please contact Suvarna Parbhoo, CREW programme: KZN Node Manager S.Parbhoo@sanbi.org.za